Bioniac

In this post we are going to discuss about the Morphology and Anatomy of Cockroach. For the post of Morphology and Anatomy of Earthworm, Click  here . Cockroach : •Cockroaches are brown or black bodied animals that are included in class Insecta of Phylum Arthropoda.  •Bright yellow, red and green coloured cockroaches have also been reported in tropical regions.  •Their size ranges from ¼ inches to 3 inches (0.6-7.6 cm) and have long antenna, legs and flat extension of the upper body wall that conceals head.  •They are nocturnal omnivores that live in damp places throughout the world.  •They have become residents of human homes and thus are serious pests and vectors of several diseases. Morphology   of   Cockroach : •The adults of the common species of cockroach, Periplaneta americana are about 34-53 mm long with wings that extend beyond the tip of the abdomen in males.  •The body of the cockroach is segmented and divisible into three distinct regi...

In this post we are going to discuss about Morphology and Anatomy of Earthworm, Cockroach and Frog. For the post of Animal Tissue System, click  here . Earthworm : •Earthworm is a reddish brown terrestrial invertebrate that inhabits the upper layer of the moist soil.  •During day time, they live in burrows made by boring and swallowing the soil.  •In the gardens, they can be traced by their faecal deposits known as worm castings.  •The common Indian earthworms are Pheretima and Lumbricus. For the post of Morphology of Root, Stem and Leaf, Click  here . Morphology   of   Earthworm : •Earthworms have long cylindrical body.  •The body is divided into more than hundred short segments which are similar (metameres about 100-120 in number).  •The dorsal surface of the body is marked by a dark median mid dorsal line (dorsal blood vessel) along the longitudinal axis of the body.  •The ventral surface is distinguished by the presence of genital op...

In this post we are going to discuss about Animal tissue system. For the post of Morphology of Flower, Fruit and Seed, click  here Animal   Tissue : The structure of the cells vary according to their function. Therefore, the tissues are different and are broadly classified into four types :  (i) Epithelial (ii) Connective (iii) Muscular (iv) Neural <> Epithelial   Tissue : •We commonly refer to an epithelial tissue as epithelium (pl.: epithelia). •This tissue has a free surface, which faces either a body fluid or the outside environment and thus provides a covering or a lining for some part of the body.  •The cells are compactly packed with little intercellular matrix.  •There are two types of epithelial tissues namely simple epithelium and compound epithelium.  •Simple epithelium is composed of a single layer of cells and functions as a lining for body cavities, ducts, and tubes.  •The compound epithelium consists of two or more cell layers...

In this post we are going to discuss about the Morphology of Flower, Fruit and Seed. For the post of Morphology of Root, Stem and Leaf, Click  here . The   Inflorescence : •A flower is a modified shoot wherein the shoot apical meristem changes to floral meristem. •Internodes do not elongate and the axis gets condensed.  •The apex produces different kinds of floral appendages laterally at successive nodes instead of leaves.  •When a shoot tip transforms into a flower, it is always solitary.  •The arrangement of flowers on the floral axis is termed as inflorescence.  •Depending on whether the apex gets developed into a flower or continues to grow, two major types of inflorescences are defined – racemose and cymose.  •In racemose type of inflorescences the main axis continues to grow, the flowers are borne laterally in an acropetal succession. •In cymose type of inflorescence the main axis terminates in a flower, hence is limited in growth. The flowers ar...

In this post we are going to discuss the Morphology of Root, Stem and Leaf. For the post of Body Fluids, Click  here . The   Root : •In majority of the dicotyledonous plants, the direct elongation of the radicle leads to the formation of primary root which grows inside the soil. •It bears lateral roots of several orders that are referred to as secondary, tertiary, etc. roots.  •The primary roots and its branches constitute the tap root system, as seen in the mustard plant.  •In monocotyledonous plants, the primary root is short lived and is replaced by a large number of roots. These roots originate from the base of the stem and constitute the fibrous root system, as seen in the wheat plant.  •In some plants, like grass , Monstera and the banyan tree, roots arise from parts of the plant other than the radicle and are called adventitious roots .  •The main functions of the root system are- i)  absorption of water and minerals from the soil ii) ...

In this post we are going to discuss about Circulation of Body Fluids. For the post about Body Fluids, click  here . Circulatory   Pathway : The circulatory patterns are of two types – open or closed.  •Open circulatory system is present in arthropods and molluscs in which blood pumped by the heart passes through large vessels into open spaces or body cavities called sinuses.  •Annelids and chordates have a closed circulatory system in which the blood pumped by the heart is always circulated through a closed network of blood vessels.  •Closed circulatory pattern is considered to be more advantageous as the flow of fluid can be more precisely regulated. •All vertebrates possess a muscular chambered heart. Fishes have a 2-chambered heart with an atrium and a ventricle.  •Amphibians and the reptiles (except crocodiles) have a 3-chambered heart with two atria and a single ventricle, whereas crocodiles, birds and mammals possess a 4-chambered heart with two atri...

In this post we are going to discuss about the Body Fluids. For the post of Exchange of Gases and Resporatory Disorders, click  here Different groups of animals have evolved different methods for this transport. Simple organisms like sponges and coelenterates circulate water from their surroundings through their body cavities to facilitate the cells to exchange these substances. More complex organisms use special fluids within their bodies to transport such materials. Blood is the most commonly used body fluid by most of the higher organisms including humans for this purpose. Another body fluid, lymph , also helps in the transport of certain substances.  Blood : Blood is a special connective tissue consisting of the following elements- i)  fluid matrix ii)  plasma iii)  Other elements. Plasma : •Plasma is a straw coloured, viscous fluid constituting nearly 55 per cent of the blood.  •90-92 per cent of plasma is water and proteins contribute 6-8 per ce...