ANIMAL KINGDOM Part-12, NCERT Class-11
Phylum – Annelida • Latin , annulus : little ring • May be aquatic ( marine and fresh water ) or terrestrial ; free-living , and sometimes parasitic . •They exhibit organ-system level of body organisation and bilateral symmetry . • T riploblastic , metamerically segmented • coelomate . • Their body surface is distinctly marked out into segments or metameres , which is why the phylum name is Annelida •They possess longitudinal and circular muscles which help in locomotion. • Aquatic annelids like Nereis possess lateral appendages , parapodia , which help in swimming. • Circulatory system Closed . • Nephridia (sing. nephridium ) help in osmoregulation and excretion. • Neural system consists of paired ganglia (sing. ganglion ) connected by lateral nerves to a double ventral nerve cord . • Nereis , an aquatic form, is dioecious , but earthworms and leeches are monoecious . • Sexual Reproduction. Example: • Ne...