Bioniac

In this post we are going to discuss briefly about the Skeletal System and Joints.  Skeletal   System  : •Skeletal system consists of a framework of bones and a few cartilages. •This system has a significant role in movement shown by the body. •Imagine chewing food without jaw bones and walking around without the limb bones.  •Bone and cartilage are specialised connective tissues. •The former has a very hard matrix due to calcium salts in it and the latter has slightly pliable matrix due to chondroitin salts.  •In human beings, this system is made up of 206 bones and a few cartilages.  •It is grouped into two principal divisions – the axial and the appendicular skeleton. •Axial skeleton comprises 80 bones distributed along the main axis of the body.  •The skull, vertebral column, sternum and ribs constitute axial skeleton.  •The skull is composed of two sets of bones – cranial and facial, that totals to 22 bones.  •Cranial bones a...

In this post we are going to discuss about the Process of Functioning of Muscle. For the post of Muscle System, Click  here . Structure   of   Contractile   Protein  : •Each actin (thin) filament is made of two ‘F’ (filamentous) actins helically wound to each other.  •Each ‘F’ actin is a polymer of monomeric ‘G’ (Globular) actins.  •Two filaments of another protein, tropomyosin also run close to the ‘F’ actins throughout its length.  •A complex protein Troponin is distributed at regular intervals on the tropomyosin.  •In the resting state a subunit of troponin masks the active binding sites for myosin on the actin filaments. •Each myosin (thick) filament is also a polymerised protein.  •Many monomeric proteins called Meromyosins constitute one thick filament.  •Each meromyosin has two important parts, a globular head with a short arm and a tail, the former being called the heavy meromyosin (HMM) and the latter, the light meromyosin ...

In this post we are going to discuss about Muscle System in brief. For the post of Secondary Growth, Click  here . Types   of   Movement : Cells of the human body exhibit three main types of movements, namely, amoeboid, ciliary and muscular. •Some specialised cells in our body like macrophages and leucocytes in blood exhibit amoeboid movement. It is effected by pseudopodia formed by the streaming of protoplasm (as in Amoeba).  •Cytoskeletal elements like microfilaments are also involved in amoeboid movement. •Ciliary movement occurs in most of our internal tubular organs which are lined by ciliated epithelium.  •The coordinated movements of cilia in the trachea help us in removing dust particles and some of the foreign substances inhaled alongwith the atmospheric air.  •Passage of ova through the female reproductive tract is also facilitated by the ciliary movement. •Movement of our limbs, jaws, tongue, etc, require muscular movement. •The contractile prope...