ANIMAL KINGDOM Part-13, NCERT Class-11

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Phylum – Arthropoda

• This is the largest phylum of Animalia which
includes insects. 
• Over two-thirds of all named
species on earth are arthropods 
•They have organ-system level of organisation.
•They are bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic,
segmented and coelomate animals. 
• The body of arthropods is covered by chitinous
exoskeleton. 
• The body consists of head, thorax and abdomen. 
•They have jointed appendages
(arthros-joint, poda-appendages).
• Respiratory organs are gills, book gills, book lungs or
tracheal system.
• Circulatory system is of open
type.
• Sensory organs like antennae, eyes (compound and simple), statocysts or balancing organs are present.
• Excretion takes place through malpighian tubules.
• They are mostly dioecious. 
• Fertilisation is usually
internal.
• They are mostly oviparous.
• Development may be direct or indirect.

Examples: 
• Economically important insects – Apis (Honey bee), Bombyx (Silkworm), Laccifer (Lac insect).
• Vectors – Anopheles, Culex and Aedes (Mosquitoes).
• Gregarious pest – Locusta (Locust).
• Living fossil – Limulus (King crab).


                       Locust

                       Butterfly

                     Scorpion

                        Prawn

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